Brad E. Erisman, Gustavo A. Cota-Nieto, Philip A. Erisman, B. Spatial structure of commercial marine fisheries in Northwest Mexico.
The rapid growth of commercial, recreational, and artisanal fisheries in the region over the past few decades has resulted in the overexploitation of most large fisheries, the collapse of high-trophic-level fisheries, and the widespread degradation of marine ecosystems and marine foodwebs DOF, a , b ; Sala et al.
The recovery of the ecosystems and the creation of sustainable fisheries in NW Mexico are impeded by problems with intergovernmental coordination, conflict among sectors, limited institutional capacity, lack of enforcement and compliance, policies based on single species and stocks, poor social-management frameworks, and the large geographic scale of management Salas et al.
Scientists, regional non-governmental organizations, and the Mexican federal government have responded to these problems by promoting efforts that utilize ecosystem-based management EBM approaches to define conservation and fishery-management priorities for the region. Briefly, marine EBM incorporates the interactions within and among ecosystem components and multiple human activities, at different spatial and temporal scales, into management decisions that seek to protect the structure, function, and key processes of marine ecosystems, while sustaining the services they provide to mankind FAO, ; UNEP, ; Leslie and McLeod, Several studies have characterized critical habitats, complex ecosystems, and ecological processes and defined distinct ecoregions within NW Mexico, creating a spatial template for EBM in the region Sala et al.
Others have investigated interactions among and within social, ecological, and economic systems of fisheries in NW Mexico at different spatial and temporal scales Leslie et al. EBM has been initiated at the scale of local communities in relation to the management of small-scale fisheries and marine reserves Cudney-Bueno et al.
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